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Microscopic organisms that manufacture the enzymes that convert sugar to alcohol, a process necessary for the fermentation of grape juice into wine.

A clear glass or plastic tube with a narrowed opening at either end, is used for sampling of wines in storage vessels.

Any wine that is fermented for a second time, thus carbonated, is a sparkling wine.

A form of packaged wine that uses a plastic or reinforced paper liner with a spigot to hold the wine within a corregated box instead of glass bottles as containers.

A utensil that removes excess oxygen remaining in an opened bottle of wine in order to preserve the flavor of the wine for a longer length of time.

Pronounced Frahn shah KOR tah. Italy's premier bottle-fermented sparkling wine. Franciacorta is also the region of the production of this sparkling wine, a D.O.C.

In reference to wine, a "dosage" is a mixture of sugar and wine that is added to sparkling wine and champagne.

French term for dry.

A version of "blind tasting" where wines of different varietals are tasted at the same time. The challenge of "double blind tasting" is to determine the varietal and origin of the wine.

Considered one of the four basic tastes perceived by taste buds. The four basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty.

A beverage containing alcohol, which is produced from fermented grape juice. White wine is a nonsparkling wine, which may vary in color intensity and can be dry, which is nonsweet, semisweet, or sweet.

A sweet wine, low in alcohol, made from fermented glutinous rice. Rice wine is an important ingredient in Asian cooking, used in glazes, marinades and sauces.

A beverage containing alcohol, which is produced from fermented grape juice. Red wine is a nonsparkling wine that may vary in color intensity and can be dry, which is nonsweet, semisweet or sweet.

Pronounced reeBOWL-lah jah-lah. A grape varietal used in the production of white wine. The grape is thought to have originated in the Friuli-Venezia region of Italy, though questions have arisen speculating that the varietal may have originated in Greece.

A grape varietal, used in the production of red wine, originating in the Beaujolais region of France.

The actual protecting of wine, grapes, and juice from oxygen. Protection is achieved by using sealed containers, low temperatures, and sulfur dioxide.

A sweet dessert wine that has a distinctive musty flavor. The wine is made from a variety of white and black Muscat grapes, resulting in a color that varies from golden to darker amber.

A rich, Italian wine to which brandy has been added to convert the sugar into a higher alcohol content.

A grape varietal, used in the production of red wine, originating in the Beaujolais region of France.

Most notably known as "Gamay". A grape varietal, used in the production of red wine, originating in the Beaujolais region of France.